How do I make this fe compatible?

You're right about having to make this compatible with Filtering Enabled. Changes to the client or objects inside the client will not be replicated to the server, unless of course the server makes the change. To fix this, we'll handle the MouseButton1Click event on the client and the actual changing of values on the server.

--Server Script

local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local Remote = Instance.new("RemoteEvent")
Remote.Parent = ReplicatedStorage

Remote.OnServerEvent:Connect(function(player,check)
   if check == "Rebirth" and player.leaderstats.Cash.Value >= 10000 then --check info the client sent
      player.leaderstats.Cash.Value = 150 --you were setting this to 0 and then adding 150 to it, but it will always be 150, because 0 + 150 = 150.
      player.leaderstats.Rebirths.Value = player.leaderstats.Rebirths.Value + 1
   end
end)

--Local Script

local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local Remote = ReplicatedStorage:WaitForChild("RemoteEvent")
local button = script.Parent

button.MouseButton1Click:Connect(function()
   Remote:FireServer("Rebirth") --send conditions with the remote to ensure safety.
end)

If you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments.

Resources:

Remote Events

Accept and upvote if this helps!

I am assuming you are trying a to code a rebirth button? Edit your local script like this:

button = script.Parent player = game.Players.LocalPlayer
local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local RebirthRequest = ReplicatedStorage:WaitForChild("RebirthRequest")

button.MouseButton1Click:Connect(function() 
    local result = RebirthRequest:InvokeServer()
    print(result) --delete later, after making sure it works
end)

And add this script to your ServerScriptStorage

local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local RebirthRequest = Instance.new("RemoteFunction")
RebirthRequest.Parent = ReplicatedStorage
RebirthRequest.Name = "RebirthRequest"

local function onRebirthRequest(player)

    if player.leaderstats.Cash.Value >= 10000 then 
        player.leaderstats.Cash.Value = 0 
        player.leaderstats.Rebirths.Value =player.leaderstats.Rebirths.Value + 1
        player.leaderstats.Cash.Value = player.leaderstats.Cash.Value + 150 --not needed, just set it to 150 instead of 0 two lines before...
         return "Success"
    else
        return "Not enough money..."
    end


end

RebirthRequest.OnServerInvoke = onRebirthRequest

I hope this helps...

Edit: gioni01 islution is very good aswell, it is up to you wheather you choose remote function or event. Functions are better if you require feedback from server, if not then use events as they do not yield.