Where to get started with teleportation?

You don't need to use Raycasting for this in any way. You can use the hit mouse property to get the worldspace position of the mouse. If you only want it to work with a short distance, you can check the magnitude from that position to the Player's RootPart. If it's a short enough distance - all you have to do is teleport the player to that worldspace location with your preferred method.

(if the player becomes stuck in the floor or anything of the sort - add to the y value of the hit location).

helpful links:

SetPrimaryPartCFrame

Magnitude

Mouse object

Hi 27starghost, I will show you a bunch of codes and describe each of them to you. So, you want to start with Teleportation Process.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I know that this isn't what you've asked for but it still might help you.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Make sure to put 2 parts in your Workspace inside ROBLOX Studio with the size of: 4, 12.57, 5.3, and put the option CanCollide inside Properties of Both parts to false. Name them, "Teleporter1" and "Teleporter2".

Here's an image on how should that look: https://imgur.com/a/prqXC2D

First of all, you need to know how to get Character from the "Normal Script". (In this case, we are going to use hit.Parent)

Here's an example:

script.Parent.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
    local Character = hit.Parent
    -- code here
end)

Well, that was a code on how to get a character from "Normal Script". Now we need to learn how to actually Teleport player from Part A to Part B! (In this case, we are gonna be using SetPrimaryPartCFrame)

SetPrimaryPartCFrame will teleport the Model's Primary Part, in this case the Player Model already has PrimaryPart which is HumanoidRootPart.

Here's an example:

local ExitPart = game.Workspace:WaitForChild("Teleporter2") -- This is a part where our Player Model needs to be teleported to

-- So lets import our first code here

script.Parent.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
    local Character = hit.Parent
        Character:SetPrimarPartyCFrame(CFrame.new(ExitPart.Position))
end)

So, now when we learned how to Teleport player from place A to place B, we need to finish the script!

The script for Teleporter1 will be: (Put this in a normal script inside a Part called "Teleporter1" which you've created earlier.)

local ExitPart = game.Workspace:WaitForChild("Teleporter2") -- Name of Exit Part where will Player be teleported to.

local debounce = 1 -- Prevents a ton of hits at once

script.Parent.Touched:Connect(function(hit) -- Executes code when Player touches the object
    local Character = hit.Parent
        if Character:FindFirstChild("Humanoid") ~= nil and debounce == 1 then
            debounce = 0
                Character:SetPrimarPartyCFrame(CFrame.new(ExitPart.Position))
        end
    debounce = 1
end)

And the script for Teleporter2 will be: (Put this in a normal script inside a Part called "Teleporter2" which you've created earlier.)

local ExitPart = game.Workspace:WaitForChild("Teleporter1") -- Name of Exit Part where will Player be teleported to.

local debounce = 1 -- Prevents a ton of hits at once

script.Parent.Touched:Connect(function(hit) -- Executes code when Player touches the object
    local Character = hit.Parent
        if Character:FindFirstChild("Humanoid") ~= nil and debounce == 1 then
            debounce = 0
                Character:SetPrimarPartyCFrame(CFrame.new(ExitPart.Position))
        end
    debounce = 1
end)

So, this was something basic on how to make teleport script from Part A to Part B, I hope that this will help you even a bit.

I wish you a luck in your scripting career.

Have a good day mate.