Is there a way to get all the properties of any object without comparing it against a database that has every object and their respective properties?
No, but you will be able to export the Roblox API dump in Roblox Studio to a JSON file by going to File -> Advanced -> Export Scripting API. At the time of writing, this is not currently yet enabled, but will be soon. You can check if it was enabled at the Roblox Wiki's Release Notes 342 at the top.