You can add, subtract, multiply, and divide like normal.
local var = 2 + 2 print(var) -- 4
local var = 2 - 2 print(var) -- 0
local var = 2 * 3 print(var) -- 6
local var = 2 / 2 print(var) -- 1
To check what a value is equal to you use two equal signs.
local bool = 2+2 == 4 print(bool) -- true, 2+2 equals 4
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Like the answer above says there's the basic math operators found in most programming languages (adding, subtraction, multiplication and dividing) but also in lua there is other functions that will do more complex code, such as finding the sine of a number.
The link below is by a website goes through all the more complex functions that are available in lua, I suggest you give it a read: http://lua-users.org/wiki/MathLibraryTutorial