I've seen answers referring to both of these terms, but it seems as though they have different meanings. Do they?
Data Persistence was introduced first, but had several flaws relating to Game Universes, so Data Stores were designed also. Persistence is ONLY Place specific, and requires some time to save the data. Stores on the other hand are almost instantaneous in saving and the data can be shared between other places in the Game. The one important feature that Persistence has over Stores is that it can save Instances--Extremely helpful for making building games where you save what the player has built, etc.