How can I 'clamp' an angle calculated by math.atan2?
I'm trying to mimic a third person camera in an old game I used to play, and I'm using math.atan2() to calculate the angle at which the camera should rotate, relative to the head (so it's looking at the head). However, when I move my character via the mouse (mouse is locked to the center of the screen), the rotation goes crazy.
I want to 'clamp' it, or prevent it from going completely bonkers.
Here's the code for the camera:
--> Constantly update the camera.
RS:BindToRenderStep( "Camera", 201, function()
local z = camera.CFrame.Z - character.Head.CFrame.Z
local y = camera.CFrame.Y - character.Head.CFrame.Y
pitch = atan2( y, z )
root.CFrame = cf( root.Position ) * ca( -0, rad( yaw * 5 ), 0 )
camera.CFrame = camera.CFrame:lerp(
root.CFrame * cf( 0, -2.5, 7.5 ) * ca( pitch, 0, 0 ),
0.4
)
end )
root is the character's HumanoidRootPart.
cf and ca are both CFrame.new() and CFrame.Angles() respectively.
atan2 is of course math.atan2().
I apologize if what I'm asking is too vague. Here's a gif to illustrate my problem:
I want the camera to pitch up and down, always pointing at the head as the mouse moves up and down (not yet implemented, but I manipulated the CFrame so you could see the angle) without doing what it does now when I rotate the character.
Any help would be appreciated, thank you!
2 answers
Ah, periculosa, you're so close! Your solution would be perfect for a 2-dimensional world. You want to find the vertical angle between the camera and the head, which means you need to calculate the angle between a line and a plane, not between 2 lines.
Notice in your GIF that the strange rotation happens only when you're facing in a certain direction - this is a hint that you've overlooked one of the 3 spatial dimensions.
Take these two lines:
local z = camera.CFrame.Z - character.Head.CFrame.Z
local y = camera.CFrame.Y - character.Head.CFrame.Y
What will happen when the character is facing directly in the x-direction, but not in the z-direction? z will become very tiny, so the vertical difference would be relatively much larger than this negligible horizontal difference. atan2 will interpret this as looking up at a very steep angle. This is confirmed empirically in your tests; when facing a certain direction, the camera flips upwards.
What is the solution? Instead of finding the difference in just the z-axis, you want to find the whole horizontal distance, that is, the length of a 2-dimensional vector in the horizontal plane x-z.
--Remove vertical component local camera_horizontal = Vector3.new(camera.CFrame.X, 0, camera.CFrame.Z) local head_horizontal = Vector3.new(character.Head.CFrame.X, 0, character.Head.CFrame.Z) --Find magnitude of difference local diff = (camera_horizontal - head_horizontal).Magnitude pitch = atan2( y, diff )
EDIT: The angle didn't need to be clamped, per se, but I think the calculation of the angle was incorrect and I addressed that. When you do need to clamp values into a range, which you probably will want to do for some effects when creating your own Scriptable cameras, refer to evaera's suggested technique.
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Really having trouble understanding what you mean still, but you can use this code to clamp an angle.
angle = math.max(-2.8, math.min(angle, 0.4))
where -2.8 is the bottom, and 0.4 is the top. Note that this is in radians
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