BillboardGui able to view at certain range?

So your right that it will involve magnitude but it also requires a few things so i am going to walk you through what you need to add to make it work like you want.

The Problem

so we want a billboard gui that is visible locally meaning only the player can see it. To achieve this we need to use local parts which can be created by setting filtering enabled to true then creating the gui from the client.

The Script

so to start lets make filtering enabled = true. this will allow for local parts. now lets create a function that will make the gui so we can use it later

function createNewGui(newPlayer)
    local Gui = Instance.new("BillboardGui")
    Gui.Parent = newPlayer.Character.Head
    Gui.Adornee = newPlayer.Character.Head
    Gui.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 1, 0)
    Gui.StudsOffset = Vector3.new(0, 2, 0)

    local Text = Instance.new("TextLabel")
    Text.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 1, 0)
    Text.BackgroundTransparency = 1
    Text.TextColor3 = Color3.new(230/255, 0/255, 0/255)
    Text.TextStrokeTransparency = 0
    Text.TextTransparency = 0
    Text.FontSize = "Size18"
    Text.Font = "ArialBold"

    local Rank = "[Tag Name]"
    local Person = newPlayer.Name
    Text.Text = (Rank)
    Text.Parent = Gui   
end

simple enough so now onto your initial problem giving each player a distance limiter. to do this we can create another function called check distance

local maxDistance = 60 -- you can edit this later

function checkDistance(player1, player2)
    local character1 = player1.Character
    local character2 = player2.Character
    if (character1.Torso.Position - character2.Torso.Position).magnitude <= maxDistance then
        createNewGui(player2) -- give player2 a gui
    else
        -- take away player2's gui
        local trash = player2.Character.Head:FindFirstChild('BillboardGui')

        if trash then
            trash.Parent = nil 
        end
    end
end

next i am going to set up a while true do loop. what this loop will do is loop through every player and run it through our checkDistance function which calls our createNewGui function

local me = game.Players.LocalPlayer -- gets you as a player
local renderTime = 20
 -- number of times per second the loop runs, i personally recommend 20 because that is 20 frames per second which is a smooth number. anything extreme is just wasteful.

while wait(1/renderTime) do
    for i, v in pairs(game.Players:GetPlayers()) do
        if v.Name ~= me.Name then
            checkDistance(me, v)
        end
    end
end

and that would be your loop so we can combine everything here to come up with this

Final Product

local me = game.Players.LocalPlayer -- gets you as a player
local renderTime = 20
local maxDistance = 60

function createNewGui(newPlayer)
    local Gui = Instance.new("BillboardGui")
    Gui.Parent = newPlayer.Character.Head
    Gui.Adornee = newPlayer.Character.Head
    Gui.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 1, 0)
    Gui.StudsOffset = Vector3.new(0, 2, 0)

    local Text = Instance.new("TextLabel")
    Text.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 1, 0)
    Text.BackgroundTransparency = 1
    Text.TextColor3 = Color3.new(230/255, 0/255, 0/255)
    Text.TextStrokeTransparency = 0
    Text.TextTransparency = 0
    Text.FontSize = "Size18"
    Text.Font = "ArialBold"

    local Rank = "[Tag Name]"
    local Person = newPlayer.Name
    Text.Text = (Rank)
    Text.Parent = Gui   
end

function checkDistance(player1, player2)
    local character1 = player1.Character
    local character2 = player2.Character
    if (character1.Torso.Position - character2.Torso.Position).magnitude <= maxDistance then
        createNewGui(player2) -- give player2 a gui
    else
        -- take away player2's gui
        local trash = player2.Character.Head:FindFirstChild('BillboardGui')

        if trash then
            trash.Parent = nil 
        end
    end
end

while wait(1/renderTime) do
    for i, v in pairs(game.Players:GetPlayers()) do
        if v.Name ~= me.Name then
            checkDistance(me, v)
        end
    end
end

hope this helped remember to set filtering enabled to true otherwise it wont work