Is it possible to detect if a part is hit while using a loop?

local part = Instance.new("Part")
part.CanCollide = true
part.Anchored = true
part.BrickColor = BrickColor.new("Really red")
part.Material = "Neon"
part.Parent = game.Workspace
part.Size = Vector3.new(10,10,10)
part.CFrame = game.Workspace.Spot.CFrame

for i = 1,10 do
wait(1)
part.Size = part.Size + Vector3.new(1,1,1)
end
part.Touched:connect(function(Part)
-- rest of code that is useless

Basically lets say the loop is at 5, if it is touched will it still detect it and and do the part.Touched function?

GetChildren and GetDescendants

Yes that would be possible, granted that you use a GetChildren or GetDescendants table, as the value portion of both those arrays are objects, and assuming those objects are base parts (parts, truss parts, mesh parts, etc.)

Which means you can do the following:

local things = workspace:GetChildren()

for _,part in pairs(things) do
	if part:IsA("BasePart") then
		part.Touched:Connect(function()
			...
		end)
	end
end

Generic for loops

What I used here, in case you didn't know , is a generic for loop, which instead of being formatted like :

for iter = start,finish, increment do
	...
	--print(iter)
end

and is instead is formatted like

for key, value in pairs(Table) do--next, and ipairs() also work
	...
	--print(key,value)
end