How can I get this tables size to change based on the percentages I put in?

I'm guessing you're trying to make a random percent chance for spawning different grades of boxes.

First let's just point out a logic error in your code,

local uPC = 25								-- Guessing 25% chance

local totalLengthOfTable = lPC + rPC + uPC + oPC	-- It's equal to 100

local uAmount = math.floor((uPC / 100) * totalLengthOfTable)	-- Logic error

Translating your equation into words you're doing 25/100 = .25. Okay, now you're doing .25 * 100, that equals 25 again. What was the point of that?

Here is a way to do percentage chances:

local lengendary = 0.01	-- 1%
local rare = 0.1		-- 10%
local uncommon = 0.25	-- 25%
local common = "whatever doesn't matter"	

local tablesize = 250

local chance = math.random(1,tablesize)

if chance <= legendary*tablesize then
	print'legendary'
elseif chance >= legendary*tablesize and chance <= rare*tablesize + legendary*tablesize then
	print'rare'
elseif chance >= rare*tablesize and chance <= uncommon*tablesize + rare*tablesize then
	print'uncommon'
else
	print'common'
end	

With that way, there is a chance that no legendaries could ever spawn, so if you want to control the values you would just do:

local lengendary = 0.01	-- 1%
local rare = 0.1		-- 9%
local uncommon = 0.25	-- 25%
local common = 0.65	-- 65%

local tablesize = 250

local lNum = math.floor(tablesize * legendary)
local rNum = math.floor(tablesize * rare)
local uNum = math.floor(tablesize * uncommon)
local cNum = math.floor(tablesize * common)

for i = 1, lNum do
	boxtable[i] = "Legendary"
end

for i = lNum+1, rNum do
	boxtable[i] = "Rare"
end

for i = rNum+1, uNum do
	boxtable[i] = "Uncommon"
end

for i = uNum+1, cNum do
	boxtable[i] = "Common"
end

-- Fill in any values that are not filled since we used math.floor
for i,v in pairs(boxtable) do
	if not v or v == "" them
		v  = "Common"
	end
end