How can I check if part is in bounds?

You'll have to think through what sort of precision you want. For instance, do you want to know if any part of the Part is overlapping some 3D volume? You'll have to check at least every corner of the Part to do that. If the 3D volume is not a rectangular prism, you'll have even more work to do. On the other hand, if you treat it like a sphere, the calculations become much easier.

If you just need "Is this part centred within certain [non-rotated] bounds", you might use:

function PointInRegion(point, minX, maxX, minY, maxY, minZ, maxZ)
	return point.X >= minX and point.X <= maxX
		and point.Y >= minY and point.Y <= maxY
		and point.Z >= minZ and point.Z <= maxZ
end

If you wanted to know if any part of your part is within the bounds, you could check all 8 corners of your Part (though you should first check to see if it's Position is even nearby, to save time). You can get the corner of a rotated part using part.CFrame:vectorToWorldSpace(part.Size/2) (that one will give you the rear/top/right corner; to get the other 7 you will have to negate each axis), ex:

function PartInRegion(part, ...) --"..." is minX, maxX, etc.
	for x = -0.5, 0.5 do
		for y = -0.5, 0.5 do
			for z = -0.5, 0.5 do
				if PointInRegion(part.CFrame:pointToWorldSpace(Vector3.new(x,y,z)*part.Size), ...) then
					return true
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return false
end

If you just need a simple "Is this point within this part", I happen to have a function that does just that:

function PointInPart(point, part)
	point = part.CFrame:pointToObjectSpace(point)
	return math.abs(point.X) <= part.Size.X / 2
		and math.abs(point.Y) <= part.Size.Y / 2
		and math.abs(point.Z) <= part.Size.Z / 2
end

As you can see, it uses CFrame:pointToObjectSpace which is documented here. In essence, it gives you point from the perspective of CFrame.

So, if you wanted to know if one Part was inside another Part and both were rectangular prisms, you could check to see if any of the corners of one part were inside the other (but try to avoid doing making this calculation -- ie, check to see if the Parts are a fair distance apart, first)

If you need more than what I've provided, consider looking up "collision detection of complex shapes" (or whatever you need) in Google or Stack Overflow (ex this one from StackOverflow )